WPA is an acronym for Wi-Fi Protected Access and consists of a mechanism for controlling access to a wireless network designed with the idea of ​​eliminating WEP’s weaknesses. Also known as TSN (Transition Security Network).

1. What Is Wpa Wpa2 Enterprise
2. What Is The Key Generation Of Wpa Enterprise 2017
3. Whats A Wpa Key
4. What Is Wpa Key Ps3

What is WPA?

Functionality

WPA uses TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) to manage dynamic keys and greatly improves data encryption, including the initialization vector. Generally, WPA is TKIP with 8021X. Otherwise, WPA works similarly to WEP, but using dynamic keys, it uses the RC4 algorithm to create a bitstream used to encrypt it with XOR, and the initialization vector (IV) is 48 bits. Dynamic key change can make it impossible to use the same system as WEP to open a WPA-secured wireless network. In addition, WPA can support different access control systems, including user password, digital certificate or verification of another system, or use a shared password to identify yourself.

WPA-PSK

It is the simplest access control system after WEP, it has the same configuration challenge as WEP, a common public key for practical purposes, but dynamic key management significantly increases the level of security. PSK corresponds to the initials of the Pre-Shared Key and comes to the pre-shared key, that is, for customer purposes, bases its security on a shared password. WPA-PSK uses an 8 to 63 character long access key, which is the shared key. As with WEP, this password must be entered at each station and access point of the wireless network. Any station identified with this password has access to the network. The features of WPA-PSK currently define it as the most suitable system for a small office or home network, the configuration is very simple, security is acceptable and does not require any additional components.

Mar 26, 2020 WPA-Enterprise. As the name suggests, it is primarily used in large businesses. A Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) authentication server is applied for automatic key generation and authentication. However, in a nutshell, WPA has discrete modes for enterprise users and for personal use. Jan 09, 2018 What is WPA/WPA2 Enterprise & How it Works The world of technology and information. Wireless Authentication and Key Generation - Duration: 23:38. Brett Hill 51,138 views. WPA-Enterprise provides the security needed for wireless networks in business environments where a RADIUS server is deployed.

WPA-PSK Weaknesses

The main weakness of WPA-PSK is the shared key between stations. When a system relies on a password, it is always open to a rough attack, that is, to check passwords, and to cause major problems if chosen correctly, given the length of the passwords. We should think that there is a moment of weakness when the station establishes the authentication dialog. This dialog is encrypted with shared keys, and access if any, is guaranteed and the use of dynamic keys is initiated. The weakness is to know the content of the authentication package and to know its encrypted value. What remains now is to try to set the password by dictionary or brute force attack.

Enterprise WPA

Other versatile and easier-to-maintain access control mechanisms are required in corporate networks such as users of a system identified by name/password or having a digital certificate. Obviously, the hardware of an access point is not capable of storing and processing all this information, so it is necessary to refer to other elements of the wired network to verify the credentials. Verifying a client against a component of a wired network seems complicated if it still does not have access to the network. To allow authentication traffic between the client and the local machine, the IEEE 802.1X described below takes over. Once a client is verified, WPA is when TKIP starts using dynamic keys. WPA clients must be configured to use a specific authentication system that is completely independent of the access point. WPA authentication systems can be EAP-TLS, PEAP, EAP-TTLS, among others.

What is WPA-2?

Security is a feature that is especially true when we talk about wireless networks. A physical connection with the network cable is required to access a wired network. However, in a wireless network deployed in an office, a third party would have been able to access the network without even having it at the company’s premises, it would have been sufficient if it were close to where the signal came. Moreover, in the event of a passive attack, where only information is heard, there are no traces that allow a later definition.

The channel of wireless networks should be considered unsafe, unlike private wired networks. Everyone may be listening to the information transmitted. And not only that, but you can also inject new packs or replace existing packs (active attacks). For wireless networks, we need to take measures to send data over the Internet.

After the new 802.11 standard is completed, WPA2 is created accordingly. WPA2 can be considered as migration, while WPA2 is the certified version of the IEEE standard. The 802.11i standard was approved in June 2004.

The Wi-Fi Alliance has developed the version with 802.1x / EAP authentication, such as the pre-shared key version WPA-Personal and WPA-Enterprise. Manufacturers began to produce next-generation access points supported by the WPA2 protocol using the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption algorithm.

With this algorithm, it will be possible to meet the FIPS140-2 security requirements of the US government. What is a key generator. “WPA2 is ideal for both private and public sector companies. WPA2 certified products reassure IT, managers, that technology meets interoperability standards,” said Frank Hazlik, Managing Director of Wi-Fi Alliance. Said. It is important to emphasize that WPA certified products are still safe under the provisions of the 802.11i standard, although some organizations expect these new generation AES-based products.

WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)

802.11i is the new IEEE standard for providing security in WLAN networks. Its specifications are not public, so the amount of information currently available is really small. WPA2 includes the new AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption algorithm developed by NIS. It is a block encryption algorithm with a 128-bit key (RC4 is a stream). It will require powerful hardware to perform its algorithms. This feature means that older devices without sufficient processing capabilities cannot add WPA2.

To ensure the integrity and authenticity of messages, WPA2 uses Counter Mode / Cipher Block Chaining / Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP) instead of MIC codes. Another improvement over WPA is that WPA2 includes support not only for BSS mode but also for IBSS mode (ad-hoc networks).

What Is Wpa Wpa2 Enterprise

Security WPA2 Attacks

Called both WPA version 1 and version 2, it is based on the transmission of supported authentications in the case of WPA 1, the Microsoft proprietary tag, and the information item supported in the case of WPA2 in the standard 802.11i RSN tag. During the RSN connection process, if the client does not support the authentications specified by the AP (access point), it will be disconnected so that it can experience a certain DoS attack on WPA.

There is also the possibility of catching a 4-way handshake that was changed during the authentication process on a secure network. PSK (pre-shared) keys are vulnerable to dictionary attacks (not RADIUS server, as the RADIUS server, generates these keys randomly). There are free projects that use the GPU with specific languages ​​such as CUDA (NVIDIA) and Stream (AMD) to perform brute force attacks 100 times faster than ordinary computers.

Security in wireless networks is a critical issue that cannot be ignored. As transfers pass through an unsafe environment, mechanisms are necessary to ensure the integrity and originality of the data as well as its confidentiality. To ensure security, the WEP system in the IEEE 802.11 standard has different weaknesses that do not provide security, so alternatives should be sought.

Both WPA specifications and IEEE 802.11i fix all known WEP flaws and are currently considered to be reliable solutions. The advantage of WPA is that it does not require hardware updates on computers. Unless there are any security issues in WPA, it may be sufficient on devices.

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Configuring Wireless Security

This section describes how to configure the security mode for the SSID. All devices on this network must use the same security mode and settings to work correctly. Cisco recommends using the highest level of security that is supported by the devices in your network.

Note If the security mode is set as WEP or as WPA with TKIP encryption algorithm for the SSID that supports 802.11n, the transmit rate for its associated client stations will not exceed 54 Mbps.

1.Click Wireless > Basic Settings.

2.In the SSIDs area, click the Edit (pencil) icon to edit the settings for the SSID.

The SSID - Edit window opens.

3.In the Security Mode tab, specify the following information: Windows 8.1 key code generator.

 •SSID Name: The name of the SSID on which the security settings are applied.

 •User Limit: Specify the maximum number of users that can simultaneously connect to this SSID. Enter a value in the range 0 to 200. The value of zero (0) indicates that there is no limit for this SSID.

NOTE: The maximum number of users that can simultaneously connect to all enabled SSIDs is 200.

 •Security Mode: Choose the type of security.

4.If you choose Open as the security mode, no other options are configurable. This mode means that any data transferred to and from the SSID is not encrypted. This security mode can be useful during initial network configuration or for problem solving, but it is not recommended for regular use on the internal network because it is not secure.

5.If you choose WEP as the security mode, enter the following information:

 •Authentication Type: Choose either Open System or Shared key, or choose Auto to let the security appliance accept both Open System and Shared Key schemes.

 •Default Transmit Key: Choose a key index as the default transmit key. Key indexes 1 through 4 are available.

 •Encryption: Choose the encryption type: 64 bits (10 hex digits), 64 bits (5 ASCII), 128 bits (26 hex digits), or 128 bits (13 ASCII). The default is 64 bits (10 hex digits). The larger size keys provide stronger encryption, thus making the key more difficult to crack.

 •Passphrase: If you want to generate WEP keys by using a Passphrase, enter any alphanumeric phrase (between 4 to 63 characters) and then click Generate to generate 4 unique WEP keys. Select one key to use as the key that devices must have to use the wireless network.

 •Key 1-4: If a WEP Passphrase is not specified, a key can be entered directly into one of the Key boxes. The length of the key should be 5 ASCII characters (or 10 hex characters) for 64-bit encryption and 13 ASCII characters (or 26 hex characters) for 128-bit encryption.

6.If you choose WPA-Personal as the security mode, enter the following information:

What Is The Key Generation Of Wpa Enterprise 2017

 •Encryption: Choose either TKIP or TKIP_CCMP (AES) as the encryption algorithm for data encryption. The default is TKIP.

 •Shared Secret: The Pre-shared Key (PSK) is the shared secret key for WPA. Enter a string of at least 8 characters to a maximum of 63 characters.

 •Key Renewal Timeout: Enter a value to set the interval at which the key is refreshed for clients associated to this SSID. The valid range is 0 to 4194303 seconds. A value of zero (0) indicates that the key is not refreshed. The default value is 3600 seconds.

7.If you choose WPA2-Personal as the security mode, enter the following information:

 •Encryption: Always use AES for data encryption.

 •Shared Secret: The Pre-shared Key (PSK) is the shared secret key for WPA. Enter a string of at least 8 characters to a maximum of 63 characters.

 •Key Renewal Timeout: Enter a value to set the interval at which the key is refreshed for clients associated to this SSID. The valid range is 0 to 4194303 seconds. A value of zero (0) indicates that the key is not refreshed. The default value is 3600 seconds.

8.If you choose WPA/WPA2-Personal mixed as the security mode, enter the following information:

 •Encryption: Automatically choose TKIP or AES for data encryption.

 •Shared Secret: The Pre-shared Key (PSK) is the shared secret key for WPA. Enter a string of at least 8 characters to a maximum of 63 characters.

 •Key Renewal Timeout: Enter a value to set the interval at which the key is refreshed for clients associated to this SSID. The valid range is 0 to 4194303 seconds. A value of zero (0) indicates that the key is not refreshed. The default value is 3600 seconds.

Whats A Wpa Key

9.If you choose WPA-Enterprise as the security mode, enter the following information:

 •Encryption: Choose either TKIP or AES as the encryption algorithm for data encryption. The default is TKIP.

 •Key Renewal Timeout: Enter a value to set the interval at which the key is refreshed for clients associated to this SSID. The valid range is 0 to 4194303 seconds. A value of zero (0) indicates that the key is not refreshed. The default value is 3600 seconds.

 •RADIUS Server ID: The security appliance predefines three RADIUS groups. Choose an existing RADIUS group for client authentication. The following RADIUS server settings of the selected group are displayed.

 –Primary RADIUS Server IP Address: The IP address of the primary RADIUS server.

 –Primary RADIUS Server Port: The port number of the primary RADIUS server.

 –Primary RADIUS Server Shared Secret: The shared secret key of the primary RADIUS server.

 –Secondary RADIUS Server IP Address: The IP address of the secondary RADIUS server.

 –Secondary RADIUS Server Port: The port number of the secondary RADIUS server.

 –Secondary RADIUS Server Shared Secret: The shared secret key of the secondary RADIUS server.

NOTE: You can change the settings in the above fields but the RADIUS server settings you specify will replace the default settings of the selected group. To maintain the RADIUS servers, go to the Users > RADIUS Servers page. See Configuring RADIUS Servers, page 333.

10.If you choose WPA2-Enterprise as the security mode, enter the following information:

What Is Wpa Key Ps3

 •Encryption: Always use AES encryption algorithm for data encryption.

 •Key Renewal Timeout: Enter a value to set the interval at which the key is refreshed for clients associated to this SSID. The valid range is 0 to 4194303 seconds. A value of zero (0) indicates that the key is not refreshed. The default value is 3600 seconds.

 •RADIUS Server ID: Choose an existing RADIUS group for client authentication. The RADIUS server settings of the selected group are displayed. You can change the RADIUS server settings but the settings you specify will replace the default settings of the selected group. To maintain the RADIUS servers, go to the Users > RADIUS Servers page. See Configuring RADIUS Servers, page 333.

11.If you choose WPA/WPA2-Enterprise Mixed as the security mode, enter the following information:

 •Encryption: Automatically choose TKIP or AES encryption algorithm for data encryption.

 •Key Renewal Timeout: Enter a value to set the interval at which the key is refreshed for clients associated to this SSID. The valid range is 0 to 4194303 seconds. A value of zero (0) indicates that the key is not refreshed. The default value is 3600 seconds.

 •RADIUS Server ID: Choose an existing RADIUS group for client authentication. The RADIUS server settings of the selected group are displayed. You can change the RADIUS server settings but the settings you specify will replace the default settings of the selected group. To maintain the RADIUS servers, go to the Users > RADIUS Servers page. See Configuring RADIUS Servers, page 333.

12.If you choose RADIUS as the security mode, choose an existing RADIUS group for client authentication from the RADIUS Server ID drop-down list. The RADIUS server settings of the selected group are displayed. You can change the RADIUS server settings but the settings you specify will replace the default settings of the selected group. To maintain the RADIUS servers, go to the Users > RADIUS Servers page. See Configuring RADIUS Servers, page 333.

13.Click OK to save your settings.

14.Click Save to apply your settings.